Formation of Integral Wellbeing

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WHAT IS IT?

The model aims to study the formation of individual wellbeing. It is an extension of the model "Formationofhappiness" where there are people that own different attitudes and increase their wellbeing when they interact with someone of the same attitude.

The aggregated value of this model is take an integral approach to wellbeing, where there exists subjective wellbeing (SWB) that is increased through communication with others and objective wellbeing (OWB) which increases when people go to institutions to eat, heal, learn and work. Both SWB & OWB go from 0 to 1. The sum of them is the Integral Wellbeing (OWB + SWB = IWB) of each individual. They are happy if their IWB >1. They are neutral if their IWB = 1. They are sad if their IWB <1.

HOW IT WORKS

In the initial conditions, everyone is located in the middle (0,0) and with neutral IWB. People also own attitude towards life. There are 3 different types of attitudes distributing randomly across the population. Patches represents 4 types of institutions differenciated by color. Turquoise patches are food markets where they can eat, cyan patches are hospitals where they can heal, violet patches are schools and universities where they can learn, and magenta patches are companies or places where they can work. All types of institutions are divided by quality. Best quality institutions are located in the extremes (darker colors) of the square. In the other extreme worst quality are located (lightest colors). In the diagonal of each square are located the middle quality institutions.

Individuals move around the space increasing and decreasing their OBW and SBW.

They decrease/increase their OWB when they go around and find institutions (patches). They decrease their OWB if they go to the worst quality institutions. They increase their OWB if they go to middle or best quality places. Also, institutions can make more places available faster if there is investment from the government. Otherwise, they take more ticks to regrowth. Best institutions take more ticks to regrowth, worst quality institutions need less time. Investment on institutions is a parameter (slider) that goes from 1 to 100, and can be seen as a %of GDP.

They decrease/increase their SWB when they move around and interact with other agents. They decrease their SWB if they find people with other attitudes. They increase their SWB if they find people with the same attitude. This increment is proportional to the amount of happiness that bring them to interact. This is a parameter (slider) that goes from 0.1 to 1.

The model stops if everyone is happy (the aim of the society succeed), or everyone is sad (the aim of the society failed). These are the two extremes (utopias).

HOW TO USE IT

For the first type of wellbeing, SWB, people increase it if they interact with people with the same attitude and stay, and they decrease it if they find a target with a different attitude and leave. It also adds the slider "happiness-of-interaction" in order to control how much more SWB can bring to people to interact with people from the same attitude. In this sense, happiness due to interactions can be changed depending on how much the society value the interactions between people (internal parameter of the society).

For the second type of wellbeing, OWB, people can increase it by going to institutions where they can satisfy objective needs. There are two types: biological needs (eat and heal) and cultural needs (learn and work). Also, institutions have limited places, so they turn black when people go to them. That's why the model also adds the slider "investment-on-institutions" which determinates the time that the institutions takes to 'regrowth', this is, to make more abailable places for other agents to go (external parameter of the society).

THINGS TO TRY

The sum of OWB and SWB can be calculated proportionally. Some societies can value more SWB and other more OBW.

EXTENDING THE MODEL

The exchange of SWB can be calculated differently. Agents with high SWB can be defined as positive long-term people and they could make happier other agents without loosing their SWB. Also, it can be tried to make the actinos in an hierarchial order. Main actions are first in order to satissfy their objective needs -eat and heal-, and just then they can learn, and then work. In this model they just move around without order of actions.

Also, it can be tested using different type of networks for interactions among them.

CREDITS

This model was developed by Marisol Manfredi as a project for the subject "Complexity Economics" of professor Magda Fontana at Univesittà degli Studi di Torino. She is a student of the Joint Master Degree Erasmus Mundus "Economic Policies for the Global Transition". You can contact her: marisolmanfredi@gmail.com

REFERENCES

Thesis that studies why wellbeing should be studied through its both dimensions: objective and subjective. Manfredi, Marisol (2017). Bienestar subjetivo y objetivo: una propuesta de medición integral para la comparación internacional. (Tesis de Licenciatura), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Online: http://nulan.mdp.edu.ar/2847/ Manfredi, Marisol y Actis Di Pasquale, Eugenio (2021). Medición del bienestar objetivo y subjetivo: una propuesta de índice de desarrollo humano integral. Revista de Economía Mundial, (57), 161-186. ISSN 2340-4264. https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i57.4648

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Vbles  ;
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turtles-own [objwellbeing subjwellbeing attitude]
patches-own [quality place-availability-time]

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;;;                                Set up                               ;;;
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to setup
  clear-all
  reset-ticks
  create-turtles num-people	
  [
    setxy  0 0
    set attitude type-of-attitude
    set color yellow
    set size 1
    set objwellbeing 0.5
    set subjwellbeing 0.5]
     ; happiness is defined if [OWB+SWB]>1

ask turtles [limit

  ifelse (subjwellbeing + objwellbeing = 1.000 )[set shape "face neutral"] [ifelse (subjwellbeing + objwellbeing < 1.000)  [ set shape "face sad"] [set shape "face happy"]]

  ]

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;  Set up of patches as institutions (4 types) by color    ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

ask patches [
    ifelse (pxcor <= 0) [
      ifelse (pycor >= 0) [
        ifelse (pycor >= 11) and (pxcor <= -11) [set pcolor 125 SET quality 1] [ifelse (pycor < 11) and (pxcor > -11) [set pcolor 127 SET quality -0.5] [set pcolor 126 SET quality 0.5]]]
        [ifelse (pycor < -11) and (pxcor <= -11) [set pcolor 85 SET quality 1] [ifelse (pycor >= -11) and (pxcor > -11) [set pcolor 87 SET quality -0.5] [set pcolor 86 SET quality 0.5]]]
    ]
    [ ifelse (pycor < 0) [
        ifelse (pycor < -11) and (pxcor > 11) [set pcolor 75 SET quality 1] [ifelse (pycor >= -11) and (pxcor <= 11) [set pcolor 77 SET quality -0.5] [set pcolor 76 SET quality 0.5]]][
        ifelse (pycor < 11) and (pxcor <= 11) [set pcolor 117 SET quality -0.5] [ifelse (pycor >= 11) and (pxcor > 11) [set pcolor 115 SET quality 1] [set pcolor 116 SET quality 0.5]]]]]

  ; darker colors are better quality institutions
; food markets & hospitals are the institutions located in the inferior part of the interface because they satisfy 'biological needs' (eat and heal). their objwellbeing increases proportionally to the quality of the institution they go/patch they reach
; work & school are institutions located in the superior part of the interface because they satisfy 'cultural needs' (learn and work)

  reset-ticks
end 

to-report type-of-attitude ; there are three type of attitudes or worldviews that people can have and they are randomly set
  report one-of [
    1  ;; attitude 1
    2  ;; attitude 2
    3]
end 

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;;;                                To go                                                 ;;;
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to go


  ask turtles[

    ifelse coin-flip? [right random 100] [left random 100]
    forward random 40] ;; turtles move around the place

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Actions that affects SWB and parameter happiness-of-interaction           ;;
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  ask turtles [

  let target one-of other turtles-here  ;; select somebody to talk with

      ifelse (target != nobody )

    [  ifelse (attitude != [attitude] of target)
     [  set subjwellbeing  subjwellbeing - 0.125 leave
        ask target [set subjwellbeing subjwellbeing - 0.125 leave ]];; if they find smn with different attitude, they decrease their SWB by 0.125 and ask target to do the same, then leave.

   [set subjwellbeing subjwellbeing + happiness-of-interaction
     ask target [set subjwellbeing subjwellbeing + happiness-of-interaction]] ;; happiness-of-interaction goes from 0 to 0.25 ;; if there is a target with the same attitude, increase its SWB on the rate defined by happiness of interaction and ask the target to do the same, then leave.
 ]

    [ search-to-find-a-target ]]  ;; if there is no target, search to find somebody to talk with

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;        Actions that affects OWB + limit + change face      ;;
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ask turtles [eat heal learn work]
   ask turtles [limit]
   ask turtles [
    ifelse (subjwellbeing + objwellbeing = 1.000 )[set shape "face neutral"] [ifelse (subjwellbeing + objwellbeing < 1.000)  [ set shape "face sad"] [set shape "face happy"]]]


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Stop conditions  ;;
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   if (all? patches [pcolor = BLACK]) [
 user-message "Institutions are exhausted by poeple!" stop ]

  if (all? turtles [subjwellbeing + objwellbeing <= 1.000 ] )  [
 user-message "The society failed: everyone is sad!" stop ] ;;neutral people is also count as sadness in the society

 if (all? turtles [subjwellbeing + objwellbeing > 1.000  ] )  [
 user-message "The society reached its aim: everyone is happy!" stop ]

  if (ticks = 5000) [stop]

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;     Investment-on-institutions: speed of regrowth parameter that affects OWB             ;;
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  ask patches [
    let proportional-place-availability-time 1 / investment-in-institutions
  ;;assumption> inverse relationship between the amount of days of regrowth and investment on institutions
    if (pcolor != black)
    [ ifelse (quality = 0.5)
        [ set place-availability-time 90 * proportional-place-availability-time] ;; place availability is the amount of days they need to grow, the more days the worst the institutional framework ergo the less investment
    [ifelse (quality = 1)
      [set place-availability-time 180 * proportional-place-availability-time]
      [set place-availability-time 30 * proportional-place-availability-time]]]]

  ask patches [create-more-places]

  update-plot
  tick
end 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                 Specification of actions                           ;;
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to limit
      if (subjwellbeing  < 0) [ set subjwellbeing 0]
    if (objwellbeing < 0) [ set objwellbeing  0]
    if (subjwellbeing > 1) [ set subjwellbeing 1]
    if (objwellbeing > 1) [ set objwellbeing  1]
end 

to leave
  fd 1
end 

to search-to-find-a-target
  rt random 90
  lt random 90
  fd 1
  if not any? other turtles-here [search-to-find-a-target] ;; if there is no one; continue to find a target
end 

to-report coin-flip?
  report random 2 = 0
end 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Actions that affects OWB  ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to eat
    if (pcolor = 85) or (pcolor = 87) or (pcolor = 86) [ ; when they go to cyan colors, they find food markets where they have the possibility to eat. This increase their objective wellbeing proportional to the quality of the food market they go.
    set pcolor black
    set objwellbeing objwellbeing + 0.25 * quality]
end 

to heal
  if (pcolor = 75) or (pcolor = 77) or (pcolor = 76) [ ; when they go to turquoise colors, they find hospitals where they have the possibility to heal. This increase their objective wellbeing proportional to the quality of the hospital they go.
    set pcolor black
    set objwellbeing objwellbeing + 0.25 * quality]
end 

to learn
  if (pcolor = 115) or (pcolor = 117) or (pcolor = 116) [ ; when they go to violet colors, they find schools where they have the possibility to learn (educate themselves). This increase their objective wellbeing proportional to the quality of the school they go.
    set pcolor black
    set objwellbeing objwellbeing + 0.25 * quality]
end 

to work
    if (pcolor = 125) or (pcolor = 127) or (pcolor = 126) [ ; when they go to magenta colors, they find companies/ places where they have the possibility to work. This increase their objective wellbeing proportional to the quality of the job they have.
    set pcolor black
    set objwellbeing objwellbeing + 0.25 * quality]
end 

;Update plot

to update-plot
   set-current-plot "happy people vs sad people"
  set-current-plot-pen "happy"
   plot count turtles with [shape = "face happy"]
  set-current-plot-pen "sad"
 plot count turtles with [shape = "face sad"]
  tick
end 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;  Different rates of regrowth of institutions depending on the quality   ;;
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to create-more-places
  if pcolor = black [
    ifelse place-availability-time <= 0
      [
      ifelse (quality = 1)
        [
          ifelse (pxcor < 0 and pycor < 0)
          [set pcolor 85]
          [ifelse (pxcor > 0 and pycor < 0)
            [set pcolor 75]
            [ifelse (pxcor > 0 and pycor > 0)
              [set pcolor 115]
              [set pcolor 125]]]]
        [ifelse (quality = -0.5)
        [
          ifelse (pxcor <= 0 and pycor < 0)
          [set pcolor 87]
          [ifelse (pxcor > 0 and pycor < 0)
            [set pcolor 77]
            [ifelse (pxcor > 0 and pycor >= 0)
              [set pcolor 117]
              [set pcolor 127]]]]
        [if (quality = 0.5)
        [
          ifelse (pxcor <= 0 and pycor < 0)
          [set pcolor 86]
          [ifelse (pxcor > 0 and pycor < 0)
            [set pcolor 76]
            [ifelse (pxcor > 0 and pycor >= 0)
              [set pcolor 116]
                  [set pcolor 126] ]]]]]]
    [ set place-availability-time place-availability-time - 1 ]]
end

There is only one version of this model, created about 4 years ago by Marisol Manfredi.

Attached files

File	Type	Description	Last updated
Formation of Integral Wellbeing.png	preview	Preview for 'Formation of Integral Wellbeing'	about 4 years ago, by Marisol Manfredi	Download

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