Correcting Information - delay and media effects

extensions [ nw ]      ;;  Use the network extension

;; Used in outputs
globals [
  %adopted             ;; % turtles that have adopted incorrect information
  peak%                ;; peak % turtles that have adopted
  peakticks            ;; ticks before peak %adopted reached
  offpeakticks         ;; ticks before %adopted drops 50% from peak val
]

;; Version that has media environment represented by patches
patches-own
[
  vote   ;; my vote (0 or 1)
  total  ;; sum of votes around me
]

turtles-own[
  adopted?             ;; True indicates turtle has adopted incorrect information
  corrected?           ;; True indicates that the turtle has correected information
]

;; create 2 breeds of turtle
;; regulars - adopt based on broadcast and social influence
;; researchers are resistant to adoption and influence network only after a time delay
;; Initially had influentials as well, did not seem to add insight here.
breed [ regulars regular ]
breed [ researchers researcher ]

;; researchers have a time delay
researchers-own [ delay ]

;; regulars have individual openness-to-change
regulars-own [ change ]

;;---------------------------------------------
;; Main procedures (setup, go, reset)
;;---------------------------------------------

;; Setup procedure

to setup
  ca

  ;;set default shapes
  set-default-shape regulars "person"
  set-default-shape researchers "circle"

  ;; create network based on chooser
  setup-network

  ;; Setup media environment by setting patches
  ;; do in separate procedure
  ;; Only relevant in media bias variants
  if variant = "media bias - block" [
    setup-media-block
  ]
  if variant = "irregular media bias" [
    setup-media-voting
  ]


  ;; Set up the breeds of turtles
  ;; For now - define the researchers first
  ask n-of (researcher-frac * num-agents ) turtles [
    set breed researchers
    set corrected? TRUE
    set color cyan
    set delay research-delay   ; Researcher delay until active
  ]

  ; Set all other turtles to regulars for now
  ; Set propensity to change to a random number w exponential distribution
  ; and mean of "openness-to-change".
  ask turtles [
    if breed != researchers [
      set breed regulars
      set change random-exponential openness-to-change
    ]
  ]

  ;;  Initialize globals that should start at 0
  set peakticks 0
  set peak% 0
  set offpeakticks 0

  reset-ticks
end 

;; Go procedure

to go
  ;; Update globals
  set %adopted (count turtles with [ adopted? ] / count turtles)

  ;; Check if this is a peak for adoption
  peak-adopted

  ;; Check if %adopted has fallen to 50% of peak
  ticks-to-50%-off-peak


  ;; Stop if all the turtles have correct information, or if ticks to stop reached
  if ((ticks > stop-ticks) or (not any? turtles with [not corrected?] )) [
    stop
  ]

  ; first check for corrected? - this takes place only after research-delay
  if (ticks > research-delay) [
    ask turtles with [ not corrected? ] [
      correct
    ]
  ]

  ;; Have been running two possibilities, one where turtles can continue to change views
  ;; after correction of information, and one where they cannot re-adopt after correction
  if re-adoption = "no re-adoption" [
    ask turtles with [ not (adopted? or corrected?) ] [
      adopt
    ]
  ]
  if re-adoption = "re-adoption allowed" [
    ask turtles with [ not (adopted?) and not (breed = researchers) ] [
      adopt
    ]
  ]

  tick
end 

;; Reset network - starts with same network and same turtles are researchers

to reset-adoption
  ask turtles with [ adopted? ] [
    set color white
    set adopted? FALSE
  ]
  ask regulars with [ corrected? ] [
    set color white
    set corrected? FALSE
  ]
  clear-all-plots

  ;;  Set up globals that should start at 0
  set peakticks 0
  set peak% 0
  set offpeakticks 0

  reset-ticks
end 

;;---------------------------------------------
;; Procedures called by setup
;;---------------------------------------------

;; Setup the network based on chooser

to setup-network

  ;; random network - uses the network density slider
  if network-type = "random" [
    nw:generate-random turtles links num-agents network-density [
      set adopted? FALSE              ;; initialize adoption policy
      set corrected? FALSE            ;; initialize corrected?
      set color white
      set shape "person"
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor   ;; separate turtles spatially
    ]
    repeat 30 [ layout-spring turtles links 0.3 (world-width / 2 ) 1 ]
  ]

  ;; Preferential attachment network
  ;; preferential attachment doesn't use any of the sliders
  if network-type = "preferential" [
    nw:generate-preferential-attachment turtles links num-agents [
      set adopted? FALSE              ;; initialize adoption policy
      set corrected? FALSE            ;; initialize correction of info
      set color white
      set shape "person"
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor   ;; separate turtles spatially
    ]
    ;; Using Preferential Attachment model from library to help with layout
    ;; Use factor based on number of turtles to control the layout
    let factor sqrt count turtles
    repeat 300 [
    ;; Numbers here are from Preferential Attachment model - looked nicer
      layout-spring turtles links (1 / factor) (7 / factor) (1 / factor)
    ]
  ]

  ;; small worlds network - use the Watts-Strogatz model from the network extension
  ;; since that is more traditional small world structure than the small world generator
  ;; in the extension
  ;; Uses neighborhood-size and rewireprobability sliders
  if network-type = "small-world" [
    nw:generate-watts-strogatz turtles links num-agents neighborhood-size rewire-probability [
      set adopted? FALSE              ;; initialize adoption of info
      set corrected? FALSE            ;; initialize correction
      set color white
      set shape "person"
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]
    ;; try to get good layout
    repeat 300 [
      layout-spring turtles links 0.3 (world-width / 3) 3
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Media environment - setup by coloring patches
;; This version just colors a contiguous block of patches

to setup-media-block
  ;; Setup media environment in two blocks
  ;; Base green portion on height of world
  let green-y% (max-pycor - (world-height * initial-green-pct / 100))

  ;; Upper part of world set to green
  ask patches [
    ifelse pycor > green-y%
      [ set vote 0 ]
      [ set vote 1 ]
    recolor-patch
  ]
end 

;; This is from Voting Sensitivity Analysis, but not
;; doing exactly the same and not giving all the options
;; for different types of voting.

to setup-media-voting
  ;; First, set all the patches to something
  ask patches [
    ifelse random 100 < initial-green-pct
      [ set vote 0 ]
      [ set vote 1 ]
    recolor-patch
  ]
  ;; Want to set the media environment before start,
  ;; so loop through a few times here
  ;; alternatively, could do until no votes changed.
  ;; just in case, add a counter and a stop count
  let stop-count 100
  let counter 0
  loop [
    let any-votes-changed? FALSE
    ;; Patches total votes of neighbors
    ask patches [
      set total (sum [ vote ] of neighbors )
    ]
    ; Patches set votes based on neighbors
    ask patches [
      let previous-vote vote
      if total < 3 [ set vote 0 ] ;; if majority of your neighbors vote 0, set your vote to 0
      if total = 3 [
        set vote 0
      ]
      if total = 4  [
        set vote (1 - vote) ;; invert the vote if tied
      ]
      if total = 5 [
        set vote 1
      ]
      if total > 5 [ set vote 1 ] ;; if majority of your neighbors vote 1, set your vote to 1
      if vote != previous-vote [ set any-votes-changed? true ]
      recolor-patch
    ]
    set counter counter + 1
    ; Check if end conditions reached
    if not any-votes-changed? or counter = stop-count [ stop ]
  ]
end 

to recolor-patch  ;; patch procedure
  ifelse vote = 0
    [ set pcolor 58 ]   ; light green to avoid conflicting with turtle colors
    [ set pcolor 28 ]   ; light orange - avoiding blues and reds
end 

;; This procedure checks to see if the SETUP procedure sets up the model with
;; roughly expected numbers, given the value of the initial-green-pct slider

to check-setup
  let expected-green (count patches * initial-green-pct / 100)
  let diff-green (count patches with [ vote = 0 ]) - expected-green
  if diff-green > (.1 * expected-green) [
    print "Initial number of green voters is more than expected."
  ]
  if diff-green < (- .1 * expected-green) [
    print "Initial number of green voters is less than expected."
  ]
end 

;;---------------------------------------------
;; Procedures called by go
;;---------------------------------------------

;;  Adopt procedure

to adopt
  ;; Adoption could occur from broadcast influence
  let broadcast-adoption broadcast-influence

  if variant = "irregular media bias" or variant = "media bias - block" [
    ;; In this version, broadcast-influence environment is different depending on patch
    ;; Patch color green (58) corresponds to corrective influence,
    ;; patch color orange (28) corresponds to adoptive influence
    let near-adopt-pct (count neighbors with [ pcolor = 28 ] / 8 )
    let own-adopt 0
    ifelse pcolor = 28
      [ set own-adopt 1 ]
      [ set own-adopt 0 ]
    set broadcast-adoption ( broadcast-influence * 0.5 * (near-adopt-pct + own-adopt ) )
  ]
  if variant = "uniform" [
    ;; In this version, broadcast inflence is proportional to overall turtle consensus
    ;; after research-delay has passed, otherwise is just broadcast-influence value
    if ticks > research-delay [
      ;case where research now available
      set broadcast-adoption ( broadcast-influence * %adopted )
    ]
  ]
  if (random-float 1.0 < broadcast-adoption) [
      set adopted? TRUE      ;; adopt
      set corrected? FALSE
      set color red
  ]

  ;; Adoption could occur from social influence in local network
  ;; set up a few variables that are common to next ifelse
  let neighbors-adopted link-neighbors with [ adopted? ]
  let total-neighbors link-neighbors
  let adopt-influence 0

  if (count total-neighbors > 0)[
    set adopt-influence ((count neighbors-adopted)/(count total-neighbors))
  ]

  ;; If haven't adopted or been corrected - more easily influenced.
  ;; Once already have correct information - "openness-to-change" used to
  ;; model persistence of belief (make more difficult to alter view).
  ifelse not corrected? [
    if (random-float 1.0 < (social-influence * adopt-influence))[
        set adopted? TRUE
        set color pink
    ]
  ]
  [
    ;; this is the case where the turtle is corrected already and breed = regulars
    ;; Won't occur if re-adoption is not allowed
    if (random-float 1.0 < (social-influence * adopt-influence * change))[
        set adopted? TRUE
        set corrected? FALSE
        set color pink
    ]
  ]
end 

;;  correct procedure
;;  Regular turtles only get corrected information after delay tics have passed.
;;  Broadcast influence based on % of total turtles that have corrected informatio
;;  Social influence via neighbor links in
;;  network, links to researchers in this model

to correct
  let neighbors-corrected link-neighbors with [ corrected? ]
  let reg-total-neighbors link-neighbors with [ breed = regulars ]
  let correct-local-influence 0
  let broadcast-correction broadcast-influence
  let consensus-broadcast-influence (count turtles with [corrected?] / count turtles )

  if variant = "irregular media bias" or variant = "medai bias - block" [
    ;; Correction could occur from broadcast influence
    ;; In this version, broadcast-influence environment is different depending on patch
    ;; Patch color green (58) corresponds to corrective influence,
    ;; patch color orange corresponds to adoptive influence
    let near-correct-pct (count neighbors with [ pcolor = 58 ] / 8 )
    let own-correct 0
    ifelse pcolor = 58
      [ set own-correct 1 ]
      [ set own-correct 0 ]
    set broadcast-correction ( broadcast-influence * 0.5 * (near-correct-pct + own-correct ) )
  ]
  if variant = "uniform" [
    ;; Variant where corrective effect of media depends on consensus - initially few turtles
    ;; with corrected (only researchers)
    set broadcast-correction ( broadcast-influence * consensus-broadcast-influence )

  ]
  ;; Correction could occur from broadcast influence - base
  ;; broadcast influence extent on % turtles with that view
  if (random-float 1.0 < broadcast-correction ) [
      set adopted? FALSE
      set corrected? TRUE    ;; correct
      set color blue
  ]


  ;; Or correction by local social influence
  if count neighbors-corrected > 0 [
    ;;  the more corrected turtles, the more likely to adopt views
    set correct-local-influence (( count neighbors-corrected / count link-neighbors))

    ;; if haven't adopted, then more likely to correct.  Assign corrected? based
    ;; on weighting or on random variable
    if not adopted? [
      if (random-float 1.0 < social-influence * correct-local-influence ) [
        set corrected? TRUE
        set color sky
      ]
    ]

    ;; if have adopted, then more difficult to be corrected, use openness-to-change
    ;; as multiplier.  Can modify to see how this affects results.
    if adopted? [
      if (random-float 1.0 < social-influence * correct-local-influence * change) [
        set corrected? TRUE
        set adopted? FALSE
        set color sky
      ]
    ]
  ]
end 

;;  Procedures and reporters to update globals that are displayed in monitors

;;  Peak % adopted

to peak-adopted
  if %adopted > peak% [
    set peak% %adopted
    set peakticks ticks
    set offpeakticks 0
  ]
end 

;;  Ticks until drops 50% off peak.
;;  Might want to define this from when peak hit instead, right now it is from start.

to ticks-to-50%-off-peak
  if ((%adopted <= peak% / 2) and (offpeakticks = 0)) [
    set offpeakticks ticks
  ]
end